Nutrition can significantly influence IVF outcomes by affecting egg quality, implantation success, and overall reproductive health. Below are the latest evidence-based nutrition tips which may enhance IVF success.
Mediterranean Diet
A 2022 study found that women who adhered to a Mediterranean diet had a 40% higher chance of achieving pregnancy and live birth following IVF treatment compared to those with lower adherence. Another study found that infertile women who closely followed the Mediterranean diet were likely to have more embryos available in an IVF cycle.
The Mediterranean Diet is primarily a plant-based one with the contributions from animal-based products being largely comprised of fish and poultry and some dairy products. The diet is also abundant in fruit and vegetables as well as beans, legumes and wholegrains. It is also rich in olive oil, a source of healthy monounsaturated fats which have been shown to support reproductive health and may improve IVF outcomes.
Protein
Studies have demonstrated that a diet higher in protein is beneficial for the growth of fertilised eggs. However, the type of protein is also important:
A study in the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology reported that higher intake of plant proteins was associated with better fertility outcomes. Good plant sources of protein include tofu, pulses, nuts, and seeds. Soya may be especially beneficial, as one study found that consuming soya was positively related to the probability of having a live birth during infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART).
Dairy intake has also been found to be beneficial. Research has found that women going through IVF who have 1 -2 portions of full-fat dairy (milk, cheese or yoghurt) have shown a higher rate of live births.
Things to Avoid
Artificial Sweeteners: A recent study of women undergoing IVF found that those who used artificial sweeteners or drank diet drinks, which are typically high in sugar substitutes, produced poorer eggs and embryos. The chances of an embryo having at least one deformity were also increased.
Refined Sugars: High sugar intake can lead to insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances, which can impair fertility. Limiting refined sugars can help maintain a healthy weight and improve reproductive health.
Supplements
There are several nutrients which may help improve IVF success rate. Below are some of the supplements I commonly recommend in my clinic for those preparing for IVF. Before starting any supplements, it is crucial to consult with a nutritionist to ensure they are appropriate for your specific needs.
A good quality prenatal multivitamin with methylfolate: Methylfolate, the active form of folate, is crucial for women undergoing IVF due to its role in DNA synthesis, repair, and cell division, which are essential for healthy fetal development. Unlike folic acid, the synthetic form commonly found in supplements, methylfolate does not require conversion in the body and is immediately available for use. This is particularly important for individuals with variations in the MTHFR gene, which affect 40-60% of the population and can reduce the body's ability to convert folic acid into its active form.
Coenzyme Q10: Coenzyme Q10 has been shown to improve ovarian response and embryo quality in women with a reduced ovarian reserve . It may enhance mitochondrial function and improve egg quality, which is crucial for successful fertilisation and embryo development.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Omega-3s are essential fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties. Supplementation may help improve egg quality and support a healthy uterine environment, potentially enhancing implantation rates.
Testing
I run several tests in clinic and these vary depending on each person's indiviudal needs. Below are some common tests I recommend:
Vitamin D: A recent meta-analysis concluded that adequate serum vitamin D levels are associated with more positive pregnancy tests, clinical pregnancies, and live births in women undergoing ART. Vitamin D needs vary from person to person and the daily recommended amount is rarely sufficient to support optimal levels. I therefore routinely test clients and prescribe bespoke Vitamin D supplement regimes.
Ferritin: Determining iron status before conception is important, as iron deficiency can lead to fertility problems. Testing ferritin levels can help ensure adequate iron stores for conception and pregnancy.
Vaginal Microbiome: The vaginal microbiome, composed primarily of various strains of Lactobacillus bacteria, plays a crucial role in maintaining vaginal health and potentially influencing fertility outcomes. Research suggests that the composition of the vaginal microbiome can affect IVF success rates. A healthy microbiome may improve implantation rates and reduce the risk of miscarriage. I often recommend home tests to assess vaginal microbiome.
Comments